Ubuntu Neovim Python 开发环境

最后更新时间：2026-07

目标：

Python 开发
FastAPI
LSP
自动补全
文件搜索
全文搜索
最少插件
长期维护

1. 安装 Neovim

建议：

Neovim >= 0.11

查看版本：

bash

nvim --version

2. 安装 lazy.nvim

bash

git clone https://github.com/folke/lazy.nvim \
~/.local/share/nvim/lazy/lazy.nvim

3. 配置目录

~/.config/nvim/
    init.lua

4. 最终插件

仅安装下面几个插件。

插件	用途
lazy.nvim	插件管理
tokyonight.nvim	主题
nvim-tree	目录树
telescope.nvim	文件搜索
nvim-web-devicons	图标
nvim-lspconfig	LSP
blink.cmp	自动补全
nvim-treesitter	语法高亮
nvim-autopairs	自动括号

原则：

能不用插件就不用插件。

5. 安装插件

打开 Neovim：

vim

:Lazy sync

更新：

vim

:Lazy update

6. Treesitter

安装语言：

lua

ensure_installed = {
    "python",
    "lua",
    "bash",
    "json",
    "yaml",
    "toml",
    "markdown",
}

更新：

vim

:TSUpdate

7. Python LSP

安装：

bash

python3 -m pip install basedpyright

验证：

bash

basedpyright --version

Neovim：

lua

vim.lsp.enable("basedpyright")

8. Python 虚拟环境

创建：

bash

python3 -m venv .venv

激活：

bash

source .venv/bin/activate

打开项目：

bash

nvim .

查看解释器：

vim

:!which python

应该显示：

project/.venv/bin/python

9. Blink

10. AutoPairs

插件：

windwp/nvim-autopairs

配置：

lua

{
    "windwp/nvim-autopairs",
    event = "InsertEnter",
    opts = {},
}

安装：

vim

:Lazy sync

11. Telescope

搜索文件：

Space ff

全文搜索：

Space fg

查看 Buffer：

Space fb

12. NvimTree

打开：

Ctrl+n

13. LSP

跳定义：

gd

Ctrl+o

前进：

Ctrl+i

查看引用：

gr

跳实现：

gi

查看文档：

重命名：

Space rn

14. Buffer

关闭当前：

:bd

或者：

Space bd

（建议绑定）

查看：

Space fb

15. 常用命令

插件：

vim

:Lazy

LSP：

vim

:LspInfo

Treesitter：

vim

:TSInstallInfo

健康检查：

vim

:checkhealth

16. tmux

创建：

bash

tmux new -s work

退出：

Ctrl+b d

恢复：

bash

tmux attach -t work

17. 推荐工作流

GNOME Terminal
        │
      tmux
        │
 ┌──────┴────────┐
 │               │
 Neovim      Codex CLI
 │               │
 └──────┬────────┘
        │
      Python

左：

Neovim

右：

Codex CLI

下面：

pytest
uvicorn
docker logs

18. 当前插件数量

最终仅保留：

lazy.nvim
tokyonight
nvim-tree
telescope
treesitter
lspconfig
blink.cmp
autopairs

维护成本低。

升级简单。

19. 开发原则

不要折腾编辑器。

把时间投入：

Python
FastAPI
WebSocket
Redis
PostgreSQL
Docker
pytest
Git
Codex CLI

编辑器只是工具。

生产力来自工程能力。

20. 文件内容

~/.config/nvim/init.lua

--------------------------------------------------
-- 基础设置
--------------------------------------------------
vim.g.mapleader = " "
vim.g.maplocalleader = " "

vim.opt.number = true
vim.opt.relativenumber = true
vim.opt.termguicolors = true
vim.opt.signcolumn = "yes"

--------------------------------------------------
-- lazy.nvim
--------------------------------------------------
local lazypath = vim.fn.stdpath("data") .. "/lazy/lazy.nvim"

if not vim.uv.fs_stat(lazypath) then
    error("lazy.nvim not found: " .. lazypath)
end

vim.opt.rtp:prepend(lazypath)

--------------------------------------------------
-- 插件
--------------------------------------------------
require("lazy").setup({

    --------------------------------------------------
    -- 图标
    --------------------------------------------------
    {
        "nvim-tree/nvim-web-devicons",
    },

    --------------------------------------------------
    -- 目录树
    --------------------------------------------------
    {
        "nvim-tree/nvim-tree.lua",
        dependencies = {
            "nvim-tree/nvim-web-devicons",
        },
        opts = {},
    },

    --------------------------------------------------
    -- 当前文件类、函数结构树
    --------------------------------------------------
    {
        "stevearc/aerial.nvim",

        dependencies = {
            "nvim-treesitter/nvim-treesitter",
            "nvim-tree/nvim-web-devicons",
        },

        opts = {
            -- 优先通过 Tree-sitter 获取结构，失败时使用 LSP
            backends = {
                "treesitter",
                "markdown",
                "lsp"
            },

            layout = {
                -- 固定显示在右侧
                default_direction = "right",

                -- 宽度范围
                min_width = 30,
                max_width = 45,

                -- 尽量放在编辑器边缘
                placement = "edge",
            },

            -- 显示树形引导线
            show_guides = true,

            -- 显示图标
            icons = {},

            -- 自动附加到支持的文件
            attach_mode = "window",

            -- Aerial 窗口关闭后不退出 Neovim
            close_automatic_events = {},

            -- 结构树中显示这些符号
            filter_kind = {
                "Class",
                "Constructor",
                "Enum",
                "Function",
                "Interface",
                "Method",
                "Module",
                "Namespace",
                "Property",
                "Struct",
                "Trait",
            },

            -- 在结构树中按回车跳转后，焦点返回代码窗口
            post_jump_cmd = "normal! zz",
        },

        keys = {
            {
                "<leader>a",
                "<cmd>AerialToggle! right<CR>",
                desc = "打开或关闭代码结构树",
            },
            {
                "<leader>ao",
                "<cmd>AerialOpen right<CR>",
                desc = "打开代码结构树",
            },
            {
                "<leader>ac",
                "<cmd>AerialClose<CR>",
                desc = "关闭代码结构树",
            },
            {
                "[s",
                "<cmd>AerialPrev<CR>",
                desc = "上一个代码结构",
            },
            {
                "]s",
                "<cmd>AerialNext<CR>",
                desc = "下一个代码结构",
            },
        },
    },

    --------------------------------------------------
    -- 文件搜索与全文搜索
    --------------------------------------------------
    {
        "nvim-telescope/telescope.nvim",
        dependencies = {
            "nvim-lua/plenary.nvim",
        },
    },

    --------------------------------------------------
    -- LSP
    --------------------------------------------------
    {
        "neovim/nvim-lspconfig",
    },
    --------------------------------------------------
    -- 自动补全
    --------------------------------------------------
    {
    "saghen/blink.cmp",
    version = "*",

    opts = {
        keymap = {
            preset = "default",

            ----------------------------------------------------------------
            -- 补全菜单
            ----------------------------------------------------------------

            -- 手动触发补全
            ["<C-Space>"] = { "show", "show_documentation", "hide_documentation" },

            ----------------------------------------------------------------
            -- 候选项选择
            ----------------------------------------------------------------

            -- 下一个
            ["<C-n>"] = { "select_next", "fallback" },

            -- 上一个
            ["<C-p>"] = { "select_prev", "fallback" },

            ----------------------------------------------------------------
            -- 文档滚动
            ----------------------------------------------------------------

            ["<C-d>"] = { "scroll_documentation_down", "fallback" },
            ["<C-u>"] = { "scroll_documentation_up", "fallback" },

            ----------------------------------------------------------------
            -- 确认补全
            ----------------------------------------------------------------

            ["<C-y>"] = { "accept", "fallback" },

            ----------------------------------------------------------------
            -- 关闭补全
            ----------------------------------------------------------------

            ["<C-e>"] = { "hide", "fallback" },

            ----------------------------------------------------------------
            -- Snippet
            ----------------------------------------------------------------

            ["<Tab>"] = { "snippet_forward", "fallback" },
            ["<S-Tab>"] = { "snippet_backward", "fallback" },
        },

        completion = {
            documentation = {
                auto_show = true,
                auto_show_delay_ms = 200,
            },
        },

        sources = {
            default = {
                "lsp",
                "path",
                "snippets",
                "buffer",
            },
        },
    },

    opts_extend = {
        "sources.default",
    },
    },
    --------------------------------------------------
    -- 自动括号
    --------------------------------------------------
    {
        "windwp/nvim-autopairs",
        event = "InsertEnter",
        opts = {},
    },
    --------------------------------------------------
    -- 语法高亮
    --------------------------------------------------
    {
        "nvim-treesitter/nvim-treesitter",

        branch = "main",

        build = ":TSUpdate",

        lazy = false,

        config = function()
            local treesitter = require("nvim-treesitter")

            treesitter.setup({})

            treesitter.install({
                "python",
                "lua",
                "bash",
                "json",
                "yaml",
                "toml",
                "markdown",
                "markdown_inline",
                "vim",
                "vimdoc",
                "query",
            })
        end,
    },
    --------------------------------------------------
    -- 主题
    --------------------------------------------------
    {
        "catppuccin/nvim",
        name = "catppuccin",
        lazy = false,
        priority = 1000,

        config = function()
            require("catppuccin").setup({
                flavour = "latte", -- latte, frappe, macchiato, mocha

                integrations = {
                    blink_cmp = true,
                    gitsigns = true,
                    telescope = true,
                    treesitter = true,
                    nvimtree = true,
                    aerial = true,
                },
            })

            vim.cmd.colorscheme("catppuccin")
        end,
    },
    --------------------------------------------------
    -- Git 状态栏
    --------------------------------------------------
    {
        "lewis6991/gitsigns.nvim",
        opts = {},
    },
    --------------------------------------------------
    -- 代码格式化
    --------------------------------------------------
    {
        "stevearc/conform.nvim",

        event = { "BufWritePre" },

        opts = {
            formatters_by_ft = {

                lua = { "stylua" },

                python = { "ruff_format" },

                sh = { "shfmt" },

                bash = { "shfmt" },

                json = { "prettier" },

                yaml = { "prettier" },

                markdown = { "prettier" },

                toml = { "taplo" },
            },

            format_on_save = {
                timeout_ms = 500,
                lsp_fallback = true,
            },
        },
    },
    --------------------------------------------------
    -- Trouble
    --------------------------------------------------
    {
        "folke/trouble.nvim",

        dependencies = {
            "nvim-tree/nvim-web-devicons",
        },

        opts = {},
    },
})

--------------------------------------------------
-- 自动折叠
--------------------------------------------------
vim.opt.foldmethod = "expr"
vim.opt.foldexpr = "v:lua.vim.treesitter.foldexpr()"

vim.opt.foldenable = true
vim.opt.foldlevel = 99
vim.opt.foldlevelstart = 99

--------------------------------------------------
-- Telescope 快捷键
--------------------------------------------------
local builtin = require("telescope.builtin")

vim.keymap.set(
    "n",
    "<leader>ff",
    builtin.find_files,
    { desc = "搜索文件" }
)

vim.keymap.set(
    "n",
    "<leader>fg",
    builtin.live_grep,
    { desc = "全文搜索" }
)

vim.keymap.set(
    "n",
    "<leader>fb",
    builtin.buffers,
    { desc = "搜索已打开文件" }
)

--------------------------------------------------
-- 目录树快捷键
--------------------------------------------------
vim.keymap.set(
    "n",
    "<C-n>",
    "<cmd>NvimTreeToggle<CR>",
    { desc = "打开或关闭目录树" }
)

--------------------------------------------------
-- Blink LSP 补全能力
--------------------------------------------------
local capabilities = require("blink.cmp").get_lsp_capabilities()

vim.lsp.config("*", {
    capabilities = capabilities,
})


--------------------------------------------------
-- Python LSP
--------------------------------------------------
vim.lsp.config("basedpyright", {
    settings = {
        basedpyright = {
            analysis = {
                typeCheckingMode = "standard",
                autoSearchPaths = true,
                useLibraryCodeForTypes = true,
            },
        },
    },
})

vim.lsp.enable("basedpyright")

--------------------------------------------------
-- LSP 快捷键
--------------------------------------------------
vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd("LspAttach", {
    callback = function(event)
        local opts = {
            buffer = event.buf,
            silent = true,
        }

        vim.keymap.set(
            "n",
            "gd",
            vim.lsp.buf.definition,
            vim.tbl_extend("force", opts, {
                desc = "跳转定义",
            })
        )

        vim.keymap.set(
            "n",
            "gr",
            vim.lsp.buf.references,
            vim.tbl_extend("force", opts, {
                desc = "查找引用",
            })
        )

        vim.keymap.set(
            "n",
            "gi",
            vim.lsp.buf.implementation,
            vim.tbl_extend("force", opts, {
                desc = "跳转实现",
            })
        )

        vim.keymap.set(
            "n",
            "K",
            vim.lsp.buf.hover,
            vim.tbl_extend("force", opts, {
                desc = "查看文档",
            })
        )

        vim.keymap.set(
            "n",
            "<leader>rn",
            vim.lsp.buf.rename,
            vim.tbl_extend("force", opts, {
                desc = "重命名",
            })
        )
    end,
})

--------------------------------------------------
-- gitsigns 快捷键
--------------------------------------------------
vim.keymap.set(
    "n",
    "]h",
    "<cmd>Gitsigns next_hunk<CR>",
    { desc = "下一个 Git 修改" }
)

vim.keymap.set(
    "n",
    "[h",
    "<cmd>Gitsigns prev_hunk<CR>",
    { desc = "上一个 Git 修改" }
)

--------------------------------------------------
-- Diagnostic Sign 配置图标
--------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------
-- Diagnostic
--------------------------------------------------
vim.diagnostic.config({

    virtual_text = false,

    -- 左侧图标
    signs = {
        text = {
            [vim.diagnostic.severity.ERROR] = " ",
            [vim.diagnostic.severity.WARN]  = " ",
            [vim.diagnostic.severity.INFO]  = " ",
            [vim.diagnostic.severity.HINT]  = "󰌵 ",
        },
    },

    underline = true,

    severity_sort = true,

    update_in_insert = false,

    float = {
        border = "rounded",
        source = "always",
    },
})

--------------------------------------------------
-- Trouble 快捷键
--------------------------------------------------
vim.keymap.set(
    "n",
    "<leader>xx",
    "<cmd>Trouble diagnostics toggle<CR>",
    { desc = "Workspace Diagnostics" }
)

vim.keymap.set(
    "n",
    "<leader>xX",
    "<cmd>Trouble diagnostics toggle filter.buf=0<CR>",
    { desc = "Buffer Diagnostics" }
)

vim.keymap.set(
    "n",
    "<leader>cs",
    "<cmd>Trouble symbols toggle focus=false<CR>",
    { desc = "Document Symbols" }
)

vim.keymap.set(
    "n",
    "<leader>cl",
    "<cmd>Trouble lsp toggle focus=false win.position=right<CR>",
    { desc = "LSP Definitions / References" }
)

vim.keymap.set(
    "n",
    "<leader>xL",
    "<cmd>Trouble loclist toggle<CR>",
    { desc = "Location List" }
)

vim.keymap.set(
    "n",
    "<leader>xQ",
    "<cmd>Trouble qflist toggle<CR>",
    { desc = "Quickfix List" }
)

--------------------------------------------------
-- Ctrl + 方向键 快捷键
--------------------------------------------------
vim.keymap.set("n", "<C-h>", "<C-w>h", { desc = "Move Left Window" })
vim.keymap.set("n", "<C-j>", "<C-w>j", { desc = "Move Down Window" })
vim.keymap.set("n", "<C-k>", "<C-w>k", { desc = "Move Up Window" })
vim.keymap.set("n", "<C-l>", "<C-w>l", { desc = "Move Right Window" })

Ubuntu Neovim Python 开发环境 ​

1. 安装 Neovim ​

2. 安装 lazy.nvim ​

3. 配置目录 ​

4. 最终插件 ​

5. 安装插件 ​

6. Treesitter ​

7. Python LSP ​

8. Python 虚拟环境 ​

9. Blink ​

10. AutoPairs ​

11. Telescope ​

12. NvimTree ​

13. LSP ​

14. Buffer ​

15. 常用命令 ​

16. tmux ​

17. 推荐工作流 ​

18. 当前插件数量 ​

19. 开发原则 ​

20. 文件内容 ​

Ubuntu Neovim Python 开发环境

1. 安装 Neovim

2. 安装 lazy.nvim

3. 配置目录

4. 最终插件

5. 安装插件

6. Treesitter

7. Python LSP

8. Python 虚拟环境

9. Blink

10. AutoPairs

11. Telescope

12. NvimTree

13. LSP

14. Buffer

15. 常用命令

16. tmux

17. 推荐工作流

18. 当前插件数量

19. 开发原则

20. 文件内容